Varieties of Kidney Stones

     Calcium mineral stones

This is the major type of stone found in 50% of the people who are afflicted by kidney stone disorder. Kidney stones normally found in persons who are taking extreme calcium particularly in pill form. People who are suffering from recurrent stone formation in kidney are more likely impacted calcium oxalate stones.

Calcium plus vitamins in pill form often aggravate kidney stone formation.

Everybody knows that vitamin D is essential in diffusing calcium. This is good for bones. Yet excessive absorption of vitamin D is only going to harm your health by producing Calcium supplement stones.

If you are diagnosed with these types of stones, then you should limit the consumption of milk products, meat and poultry. Instead begin taking low calcium high fiber diet.

Allopurinal is proven to be the most effective medication for calcium stone sufferers. However if the drug shows any negative effects in any of the patients, then he/ she should stop consuming the particular medications.

Uric Acid Stones

Uric acid stones are another common type present in kidney stone sufferers. This will happen when the urine has a high focus of uric acid or the uric acid is present in such a form which is easily dissolvable in water.

People having high-risk of uric acid stones

People who receive Chemotherapy treatment for curing cancer convey more concentration of uric acid in pee than normal people.

People who live in hot and arid areas then one who do not consume atleast eight to ten glasses of water may have the chance of frequent dehydration. They will lead to low volume of urine result and thereby increase the risk of uric acid stones.

People who have inflammatory intestinal disorders or those who have the problem associated with chronic diarrhea have the problem of low pH urine and lower volume of urine. This in turn will increase the particular stone formation.

Symptoms of Uric acid gemstones

The person suffering from uric acid stones can experience extreme pain and will also notice blood in urine like any other types of kidney stones [http://kidney-stone-treatment.info]. Therefore a complete diagnosis will only help in recognizing the type of kidney stone. Normally uric acid stones will not be seen in X-ray. A CT scan and 24 hours urine test is necessary to identify the rock.

Treatment for uric acid stones

The crystals stones though cause severe discomfort are not difficult to remove. Drinking adequate fluid along with increase in urine pH level is sufficient to pass uric acid stones. Normally shock wave treatments are certainly not required for removing this type of stone.

How to prevent uric acid stones

Taking more than 2 liters of water daily can help in preventing uric acid stones. Fresh fruits will help in raising the pee pH level by supplying potassium bicarbonate or potassium citrate to the body.

If you do not get effective results in removing stones by the above simplest approach, then your doctor will advice you to take allopurinol drugs.

Struvite stones

Struvite stones are also described as infection stones since they occur primarily due to urinary tract infections. These types of stones will grow fast and can occupy large parts of the kidney. Even though lots of antibiotics are available nowadays, this infection stone is prevalent in some 15 to 20 percent of kidney stone sufferers.

The bacteria that are producing urinary system infections and thereby struvite rocks are proteus and klebsiella. Any kind of conditions that cause urinary system infection with bacteria have the ability to create ammonia which will be a key factor in struvite stone formation. Since bladder might have some urine stagnant, the possibility of germs growing is more.

Symptoms of struvite rock

Struvite stone does not really show any symptoms like other gemstones. Mild pain and blood in urine may be seen. However these symptoms can be normally associated with urinary tract infection only.
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Recurrent infection can be a symptom of struvite stone.

How to diagnose the Struvite stones?

If you have repeated urinary tract infection then you should go for x-ray or CTscan. This will clearly help in identifying the type of rock. Urine test that shows high pH level more than 7 will likely state the formation of struvite stone. A microscopic test that will shows crystals in urine will even indicate Struvite stones.

What are the risks involved with this stone?

As already told, this stone will develops at a very fast pace and can cause infections frequently. Sometimes it may also trigger acute kidney failure. Normally frequent infection will cause chronic kidney failing.

What are the treatments available to treat Struvite stones?

The complication of this rock makes it indispensable to take treatment as early as possible. Medication will not be successful to get more people in removing this stone. Extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is useful in removing small stones. If the stone is hard to remove by ESWL method after that percutaneous nephrolithotomy can be used. In some uncommon cases ESWL is used after percutaneous nephrolithotomy to remove smaller pieces of rocks. For larger stones, open surgical treatment is required.

After removing the gems, follow up is required at regular periods to confirm new stones have not already been formed.

How to prevent Struvite stones?

Struvite stone formation can be prevented by restricting or treating urinary system infection. Once you have struvite stones, then you definitely should completely remove the stones in any of the above methods. This is important mainly because struvite stones will also cause calcium supplement stone formation and then in turn may lead to kidney failure.

Cystine stones

Cystine stones are not common since their formation highly relates to a rare disease called Cystinuria. This problem occurs mainly in children and young adults. Kids having family history of this stone may be affected by this disease.

Causes for Cystine stone formation

It is a regular fact that amino acids are filtered within the urine. However , a normal kidney may reabsorb them from urine and transfer them in the blood. Within cystinuria, the kidneys fail to reabsorb from the urine the cystine proteins. Therefore , cystine will be dissolved within the urine so as to form crystals. As a result will result in the growth of stones.

How to diagnose this stone?

Unlike other stones, the Cystine stone will induce continuous pain. Kids affected by this disease will make a complaint about severe pain. This is a crystal clear symptom of this stone. X-ray may identify the stone but not that much clear as calcium stone. However , IVP or CT scan can clearly diagnose the stone.

An x-ray is enough to diagnose small stones.

Treatment for Cystine gemstones

Treatment for cystine stones is vital like other stones since it might cause not only pain but also urine infections and sometimes kidney failure. Traditional treatment involves taking adequate liquids. Taking 3 liters extra water will help in dissolving the cystine stones. Sodium intake must be reduced. Usually cystine stone is the result of high pH level in urine. The pH level must be reduced to pass the stone.

Taking lots of water will be more beneficial. Of course it is the cheapest form of medicine.

Medication

Occasionally the above traditional methods may not be efficient. Therefore people may require medication to remove the stone or stones. Medications available for this disorder are penicillamine, tiopronin and captopril. Pencillamine is available everywhere but it may cause few unwanted effects. Tiopronin is the best drug available all over the world and it is proven to be effective in eliminating the stones. Captopril will cause fewer side effects than the other two but it is not that much effective.

If the above medication does not provide any good success then the doctor can suggest another procedures. But in fact the shock waves do not provide successful results particularly if the stone is huge. The large stones are first separated into smaller pieces and then pencilamine is injected directly into the kidney. This will help in dissolving the small items of stones.

Cystine stone is one of the the majority of complicated problems and so traditional treatment should be continued up to 1 or 2 yrs and the medication must be continued to get six months after treatment. This is important because the possibility of getting stones again is usually higher here. People suffering from several stones are at higher risk as it may result in kidney failure and then there is no various other option left other than undergoing a kidney transplant which is the last probable way to cure the disease.

Drug rock

People who are under medication for any health problem are also under risk of calcium oxalate stone(s) as the drugs taken to cure that will disease may form crystals then such crystals can grow as stones.

People taking treatment intended for HIV infection with the drug called protease inhibitor indinavir and triamterene are also considered at having a danger of drug stone formation.

Although we have divided the kidney stones directly into 5 types, some kidney stones is going to be formed by combining one or two types. One type of stone formation will often form another type also.

Shapes of kidney stones

The size and shape of the kidney stone normally varies from person to person. However it will not look like a soft, round ball. The shape will be irregular. The size may vary from millimeters to few centimeters. The color, texture etc will also vary from person to person.

The most common colours of kidney stones are yellow plus brown. But gold, tan and black may also be the colors of the kidney stones. The normal shape of a kidney stone may be round, jagged or branch like. The texture could also differ according to the composition of the stone.